Acute Viral Upper Respiratory Tract Infections

These infections represent a group of illnesses primarily affecting the nose, throat, and sinuses. They are typically caused by viruses.

Etiology

Numerous viruses can cause this ailment, with rhinoviruses being the most frequent. Other implicated viruses include coronaviruses, adenoviruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus, and parainfluenza viruses.

Signs and Symptoms

• Nasal congestion or discharge (clear, white, yellow, or green)
• Sore throat
• Cough
• Sneezing
• Headache
• Low-grade fever
• Malaise (feeling unwell)
• Postnasal drip

Typical Disease Course

The progression generally involves an initial period of nasal congestion and sore throat, followed by cough and other symptoms. The manifestation and severity of symptoms can vary depending on the specific virus involved and the individual's immune response.

Expected Resolution

The majority of uncomplicated cases resolve spontaneously. The duration of symptoms can vary significantly between individuals. In most instances, symptoms are self-limiting.

Potential Complications

• Secondary bacterial infections (e.g., sinusitis, otitis media)
• Exacerbation of pre-existing respiratory conditions (e.g., asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)

Management

Treatment is primarily supportive, focusing on symptom relief. This includes rest, hydration, over-the-counter pain relievers (e.g., acetaminophen, ibuprofen), decongestants, and cough suppressants. Antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections and should not be used unless a secondary bacterial infection is suspected and confirmed by a healthcare professional.