Dental Crowns: Restorative Procedure

Purpose and Indications

A dental crown is a cap placed over a tooth to restore its shape, size, strength, and improve its appearance. Indications for placement include extensive tooth decay, cracked or fractured teeth, teeth weakened by root canal treatment, and to protect teeth after a large filling. Crowns can also be used to improve the cosmetic appearance of a discolored or misshapen tooth.

Types of Crowns

• Porcelain: Highly aesthetic, closely matching the natural tooth color. Often used for visible teeth.
• Metal: Durable and strong, often chosen for posterior teeth (molars and premolars) due to high biting forces.
• Porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM): Combines the strength of metal with the aesthetic appeal of porcelain.
• Zirconia: A strong, biocompatible material that is increasingly popular for its durability and aesthetic qualities.

Procedure

The process typically involves multiple appointments. The first involves preparing the tooth by removing a layer of enamel and dentin, taking impressions for the crown fabrication, and placing a temporary crown. The permanent crown is then cemented onto the prepared tooth at a subsequent appointment.

Aftercare and Maintenance

Proper oral hygiene is crucial, including regular brushing and flossing. Regular dental check-ups are recommended to monitor the crown's condition and ensure continued oral health. Avoid biting hard objects to prevent damage to the crown.

Potential Complications

While generally successful, potential complications include allergic reactions to materials, chipping or fracturing of the crown, and secondary decay around the crown's margin. These complications can be minimized through proper care and regular dental visits.

Long-Term Prognosis

With proper care, dental crowns can last for many years, often a decade or more. The longevity of the crown depends on the type of crown, the underlying tooth structure, and the patient's oral hygiene practices.