Citing Audiovisual Media in APA Style

The American Psychological Association (APA) style guide provides specific guidelines for citing various sources, including audiovisual media such as television programs. Accurate citation ensures proper attribution and allows readers to easily locate the referenced material.

In-Text Citations

When referencing a television program within the text of a paper, the general format involves including the name of the program and the year of broadcast. For specific episodes, include episode title where applicable. If a particular segment or scene is referenced, additional descriptive information may enhance clarity.

General Citation

The basic format for citing a television program in the text is (Program Title, Year). If the program title is long, shorten it to a recognizable, consistent abbreviation following the first mention.

Episode-Specific Citation

To cite a specific episode, include the episode title after the program title. For example: (Program Title, Year, "Episode Title").

Specific Scenes or Segments

Including a time stamp or scene description may enhance clarity, but isn't strictly mandatory unless crucial to the argument. However, ensure that descriptions do not disrupt the flow of the text.

Reference List Entries

The reference list entry provides more comprehensive details. The key elements are the program title, the episode title (if applicable), the network, and the date of broadcast.

General Program Entry

• Program Title. (Year). [Television series]. Network.

Specific Episode Entry

• Producer, P. (Producer). (Year, Month Day). Episode Title [Television series episode]. Program Title. Network.

Note: For streaming services, replace "Network" with the streaming platform (e.g., Netflix, Hulu). If a director or writer is particularly relevant to your discussion, their information may be included. Consult the latest APA Publication Manual for the most up-to-date guidelines and specific examples.

Additional Considerations

When multiple episodes of the same program are cited, consider using a shortened title for repeated instances within the text and reference list. Maintaining consistency is essential for clear and accurate referencing.