Currency Authentication Techniques

Visual Examination

Authentic banknotes incorporate a range of security features detectable through visual inspection. These include: watermarks, visible only when held up to a light source; security threads, embedded within the paper and exhibiting unique patterns or colors; and microprinting, extremely small text visible only with magnification. Intricate design elements, such as detailed portraits and complex backgrounds, also contribute to authenticity. Variations in color and texture from one note to another are to be expected, but significant differences should raise suspicion.

Tactile Examination

Genuine currency possesses a distinct texture. The paper itself feels different from ordinary paper, often being thicker and more durable. The ink used on authentic banknotes also contributes to a unique tactile quality. Feeling the raised print of certain elements, such as the lettering, can also aid in determining authenticity.

Tilt Test

Many modern banknotes incorporate color-shifting inks or features that change appearance when tilted. These features are designed to reveal a shift in color or an altered image depending on the angle of observation. Carefully tilting the note under a light source can reveal these dynamic security features.

Light Test

Holding a banknote up to a light source reveals features such as watermarks and security threads. Watermarks appear as lighter or darker areas within the paper, often depicting a portrait or symbol. Security threads are embedded within the paper and often show a specific pattern or color when backlit.

Magnification

Using a magnifying glass allows for a closer inspection of microprinting and other fine details. Microprinting is extremely small text incorporated into the design and only visible under magnification. Examining the details of the printing with magnification can reveal inconsistencies indicative of counterfeiting.

Other Methods

Specialized devices such as ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) light detectors are employed by financial institutions to detect counterfeit currency. These technologies reveal markings and inks invisible to the naked eye, often providing conclusive authentication.